Terms of Beguilement

Though all attention is on Russia and Ukraine, there’s an unmistakable American echo in this invasion. Not rolling in on tanks or flying over in planes, but finessed with language.

When Donald Trump seconded Vladimir Putin’s description of his invading forces as “peacekeepers,” he was echoing the “alternative facts” offered by his faithful advisor, Kellyanne Conway, in the days following his inauguration.

Within days of Conway’s oxymoronic claim, bookstores sold out of 1984, George Orwell’s 73-year-old classic dystopian novel, and the publisher ran another edition. The rush had not so much to do with surveillance and a police state, or with conformity and loyalty oaths, as it had to do with Orwell’s theory of the distortion of words and revisionist history to achieve all of the above.

All those years we thought 1984 a warning against oppression, it never occurred to us that it might serve as a blueprint for oppression.

We like to think that we control language, but as Orwell reasoned, “if thought corrupts language, language can also corrupt thought.” Indeed, in 2017, many Americans began believing in “alternative facts.” In 2020, it turned into alternative science, and by 2021, who knows how many of COVID’s victims died of it?

We can thank those who parse Putin’s “bizarre” tirade at the start of the invasion for its distortions of history and language, but we need to start parsing equally bizarre language that is taken for granted–sometimes written as law–right here in the USA.


This weekend marked the tenth anniversary of the murder of Treyvon Martin in Florida.

We all know the story and still feel the racial fallout. Rather than rehash, let’s strip it of race and all other detail, and consider only its language:

One person, A, walks past another, B. With a gun, B follows A. A keeps moving away from B. B pursues A. B catches A, an altercation starts, the gun fires, A is dead. B does not deny shooting A. In court, B is acquitted when his lawyer invokes something called “Stand Your Ground.”

In a nutshell, B, who pursued A, is judged to have stood. Unless B left his home and went after A on a conveyor belt (which he himself would have to have owned since the defense was “standing his ground”), this is transparent bullshit.

In any other English-speaking country in the world and at any other time in history, this would be unthinkable. Here in 21st Century America, “Stand Your Ground” is law in many states.


Before long, as most observers tell us, the Supreme Court will hear a case that could determine the fate of Roe v. Wade, the 1973 decision that gave women full reproductive rights.

Anti-Choice activists–to use a far more accurate name for a movement that ignores the necessities of life after birth–have been waiting all these years for a shift in the Supreme Court. When Amy Coney Handmaid Tale Barrett replaced Ruth Bader Ginsburg, they had it.

Whether we call them Anti-Choice or Pro-Life, and whether we prefer to avoid the word “abortion” (as I just did) with other terms such as “reproductive rights,” they have made a 49-year habit of using the phrase “abortion on demand.”

Again, strip this of the issue and all details:

A woman seeks medical treatment. Does she demand it? Is any clinic ever obligated to give it? If the clinic says no, is there a consequence? If the clinic says yes, does the woman have to pay? What kind of demand is it if there’s agreed-upon payment? Is the payment on demand?

Let’s apply Anti-Choice “logic” to other services whether we pay out of pocket or are covered by insurance: Do we have hernia repairs on demand? Cavities filled on demand? Oil changes on demand? Our driveways shoveled by the neighbor’s kid on demand?

The only other common use of those two words is a commercial pitch from a company that streams movies into your home. They want you to demand what they have.


Again, you smell the bullshit as soon as you open your nose.

In a courtroom, you’d think that “abortion on demand” would be ruled out of order as prejudicial language, but after 49 years of repetition, judges may no longer notice it.

Just as few notice the gratuitous prejudice in phrases frequently in the news, from “hardline feminists” and “environmental extremists” since the 1970s to “radical left” in recent years. Sometimes it’s done with a change of one word, as when the estate tax is called “death tax.” Or an obscure phrase with a menacing sound used repetitiously to make anything the speaker doesn’t like sound evil, such as “critical race theory.”

Those who do this do not want you to be aware of ills they’d rather live with, that may be to their benefit. But they can’t condemn something as undeniably positive as awareness, so they abbreviate the word into one menacing syllable. Hence, states such as Florida are now passing “anti-woke” legislation.

In the parlance of today, prejudicial language such as on demand has become “normalized.”

As has “stand your ground.” And “peacekeeper,” not in the short time since Putin and Trump used it, but since 1986 when the US developed “peacekeeper” missiles to counter an arms buildup by the USSR. Or since 1943 when the US Navy launched a patrol frigate named “Corpus Christie.”

That last was five years before Orwell wrote 1984. Maybe he took it as a blueprint for his warnings of debased language that flew off the shelves of bookstore weeks after Trump’s inauguration.

Given what has been said since, it’s too bad he’s not around to write a sequel.

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Of Schools and Nursing Homes

Lotta talk about books being banned, and I should probably hold my tongue rather than confuse the issue by plagiarizing Shakespeare’s “pox on both your houses.”

Truth is I’m very much in the house that has Maus, The Bluest Eye, The Handmaid’s Tale, Fahrenheit 451, and others on its shelves and tables available to children as soon as they are able to read them. Problem is that I’m also an ardent advocate of Huckleberry Finn, a book that many in that same house have wanted banned from schools due to the use of a slur common at the time it was written.

For years I marveled at the irony. Twain’s narrative of a runaway white boy who aids and abets a runaway slave is arguably the most profound statement ever made against racism by a white writer. For it to be under attack from those who profess to be against racism struck me as a self-inflicted wound, a PR gift to that other house that condemns ours as “cancel culture.”

Social media has taught me otherwise. Huckleberry Finn is as readily condemned by some on the left as To Kill a Mockingbird and The Diary of Anne Frank are condemned by the right for a reason that has nothing to do with ideology, left or right:

Very few people on either side ever read books.

Hell, few are willing to read blogs of 1,000 words or op-ed columns of 650. Notice the comments drawn on social media by links to articles of any length. For starters, the number is a fraction of comments–or likes–gained by a picture of a dog or that morning’s breakfast. And most of those respond only to the photo and the caption, maybe to the opening line, with no indication of or response to the substance of the blog or column.

Given that, how could anyone think that more than very few Americans have the attention span for books that typically range from 70,000 to 150,000 words? As the writer of books, blogs, and columns, I risk sounding as though I’m indulging in self-pity, but I can assure you that these results have no effect on me. How else could I keep at it? Why else would I?

I resolved long ago that I’ll do all I can do and let indifference fall where it may. Writers far more profound and prolific than I have and will continue to suffer the same fate. I imagine that they do it as I do it, because we cannot not do it, and because if enough people in our own house ever wake up, we’ve placed plenty of food for thought on their breakfast table.

If nothing else, at least our grandchildren will have evidence that we didn’t hold our tongues, that we made efforts, that we tried. I can hear Lachlan and Briana exclaiming long after I’m gone: “So that’s what happened on Planet Zobo!”

Between now and then, there’s a chance that what they read of Planet Earth’s history will be censored by the same people who insist that statues are the way to know history.

That’s what the residents of that other house say. It would be an easy position to discredit if not for the overly-policed language in our own overly-sensitive house that makes their claim of “cancel culture” stick. It would be taken seriously if we didn’t keep the other side laughing with our own ridiculous pronoun wars. It would be simple to show that the use of “critical race theory” is a fabricated scare tactic applied to anything about race–about slavery and Jim Crow, about segregation and discrimination–if not for our own myopic idea that language of the past should be sanitized for the present.

It would be a slam dunk to keep Art Spiegelman and Toni Morrison in public schools if we weren’t calling fouls on Mark Twain.

You cannot condemn one book for a word that creates discomfort, and then ridicule those who want to condemn other books that reveal the source of that discomfort. For that matter, this is a superficial debate that obscures the purpose of education:  These are schools, not nursing homes.

Maybe that’s why I haven’t held my tongue. That, and the fact that history’s foremost recurrent lesson is that problems are never solved until those who want them solved are willing to piss people off, right and left.

If she/her, he/him, they/them think that’s a pox, so be it.

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Really Got a Hold on Us

“Due to high volumes, you may experience long wait times for customer support. We greatly appreciate your patience.”

So says the actual text on a hi-tech service. Such statements are common, not just in the world of hi-tech, but for utility companies, appliance manufacturers, and others. On the surface, these statements are in simple, plain English.

Below the surface, we can translate them into simple, plain economics. Here’s how Helen Highwater hears it:

In order to pay our top execs enough for them to put up with constant demands from regulators and politicians, we are unable to hire enough customer support staff–even if we had qualified candidates to fill those new positions.

This scam goes hand-in-pocket–their hand, our pocket–with claims of inflation.

We believe those claims because we have seen prices climb in every aisle of the supermarket. Within months, for example, the prices of haddock and cod–both once plentiful here in New England–have jumped from $8 and $9 per pound to $13 and $14. As bad as that is, it seems reasonable compared to the next tray where halibut has jumped from $22 to $30.

But what do fish, or fruit or frozen dinners have to do with CEOs whose income is now 350-times that of their average employees, enough to launch them into space for ten minutes before they return to thank those employees for making the trip possible?

All while many of those employees field calls from customers they’ve had on hold for far longer than the boss’s extraterrestrial fling. Customers who, through no fault of their own, have lost all patience. Employees who, through no fault of their own, suffer the brunt of unnecessary pressure.

All the recent talk of inflation begins with gas prices, which is where our abject failure to learn history may prove fatal.

Sorry, let me rephrase that: Here’s where the American public’s refusal to learn history will earn the word suicide on democracy’s death certificate.

More than a few times, this country has seen the price of gas plummet during recessions and then climb in keeping with recovery. Less economic activity means less demand for gas, and a robust economy creates more. Forget about lessons of the 20th Century. We saw this in the transition from Bush/Cheney (who tanked the economy) to Obama/Biden (who revived it) just 13 years ago.

Is it possible that a nation so proud of its history–no matter the opposed interpretations of it, or expressions placed on public pedestals or in history textbooks–does not remember the difference between 2008 and 2009?

Instead, we look for the easy target.

Inflation covers all of the above: Fish, fruit, frozen dinners, gas, hi-tech products and services, and on and on. And it’s just as easy to pin blame on whoever is on top at the time. Why bother with the complexities of cause and effect, supply and demand, or climate change, when you can simply look at a name? Let’s go Brandon!

If we did look beneath the surface of this plain, simple English, we would see the plain, simple economic fact that really has us on hold:

Exploitation.

Instead, we look for an easy fix: Make America Great Again! And for a Fixer: I alone…

The only way out of this would be to remember that none of us are alone. Quite the opposite. We are E pluribus unum whether we want to be or not, and the overworked agent at the other end of that phone is under the same manufactured weight that forces impatience on our end.

Failing to see that inflation is a euphemism for exploitation, we continue to target each other and settle for temporary fixes.

Could say that we are putting–and keeping–ourselves on hold.

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I Are Not Stupid

First hit me when I started sending inquiries to the English departments of local colleges looking to teach writing classes as I did in the Eighties and Nineties.

Even then, I was too surprised and encouraged by responses telling me just when to get in touch for likely openings next year to notice what was really new.

To be fair to myself, it was barely noticeable at the bottom of emails sent back to me, likely added automatically along with the rest of the identifying info–title, department, room and building numbers, school, address, phone, fax–below the sign off.

Only notice I took was to laugh it off and mention it to a few friends. The laughter was prompted by first names being so clearly male or female. English teachers are notoriously on guard against redundancy.

Does someone named David have to tell us to use “he/him” as pronouns for him? Did I need to put “for him” at the end of that question? Does Roberta need to add “she/her”? To take it a step further, isn’t that what the “a” in Roberta is for?

One friend who spent about four decades in higher ed, lasting far longer than I did, let me know that this trend began a few years back, and that it is now considered “academic courtesy” to state the pronouns by which we prefer to be called.

Since when are pronouns matters of preference? Do we also get to chose the adjectives that describe us? How about the nouns that state what we do, the verbs and adverbs that reveal how we do it? Let me see:

World-acclaimed flautist Jack Garvey, better known nationally as “The American Chaucer” for his hilariously incisive literary vignettes, will headline King Richard’s Faire this weekend with his energetically mesmerizing renditions of J.S. Bach, the Mothers of Invention, and the Monkees…

Back in August, I barely mentioned this in a blog headlined, “Call Me Rip,” poking fun at myself for waking up to so much that is new in higher ed since I left twenty years ago. Of course, I knew that a “pronoun controversy” over gender identification existed, and I’m gladly willing to address someone named Alia as “he” if that’s what Alia wants–or Arthur as “she” if that’s what Arthur wants.

But the controversy thickens, and I now draw a line. Consider this opening paragraph from a story in Boston Magazine this week:

On the first day of school at Old Rochester Regional High School in Mattapoisett, Alia Cusolito donned cool, 3-inch, dangling sword earrings. The sophomore also pinned a circular black button with “they/them” in silver letters onto their shirt and a pink “they/them” pin to their backpack. The buttons were a plea for respect and for acknowledgement from teachers and peers of Alia’s identity and preferred pronouns. The teen identifies as nonbinary.

Link below

If this appeared in a paper handed in by a student, I’d praise the smooth style and relevant content, including the “they/them” buttons, but my red ink would circle the use of their in front of shirt and backpack. As an English teacher, I’ll agree that Alia can identify as anything Alia wants, but with all due respect and acknowledgement, Alia is one person.

Moreover, with respect to the English language, “respect” does not mean accommodating anything anyone wants.

Many of my liberal friends may not want to hear this, but English does provide a neutral singular pronoun: It. If the rejection of that gender-free option is that it is de-humanizing, then the solution cannot be turning singular into plural, since that, according to the same logic, would be over-humanizing.

Again, please consider: If we use “it” to refer to one person, we will at least be using singular verbs: It is, It was, etc. But if we adopt “they,” we will launch further into the plural with matching verbs: They are, They were, etc. This will compound the confusion.

Or does anyone who wants this change expect us to force singular verbs onto plural pronouns? If so, they is sure to make us sound stupid. They is, They was, etc.

My objection is not about gender, but about numbers.


You may have noticed that I have already dodged the problem by using “Alia” three times in one sentence. Should I be teaching a nonbinary or trans student next year, that will be my recommendation. If the student complains, the student (I’m doing it again) will either find another class or get me fired.

As a practicing writer, my first obligation is always to language, much as a judge’s obligation must be to law regardless of cultural or personal preferences. And frankly, just for the sake of sound, I will never be reduced to using a plural pronoun for one person.

Yes, I know that at least one dictionary has accepted “they” as a singular pronoun, but wasn’t that for an unknown antecedent? To be a bit quicker than saying, “The diner choked on his or her turnip” if you don’t know the diner’s gender?

Dictionaries can make all the accommodations they want, for whatever reason they want, but English teachers cannot accommodate the awkwardness of “The diner choked on their turnip”–or the confusion of: The sophomore also pinned a circular black button with “they/them” in silver letters onto their shirt...

As alternatives, I suggest streamlining: “Alia choked on the turnip.” Who else’s turnip would Alia have choked on? Or repeating the name–“Alia pinned it onto Alia’s shirt”–if only because slight repetition is less distracting than awkwardness and confusion.


Such a stand may upset my liberal friends. If so, I ask that they consider their own stands over the years regarding the English language we have heard from Republicans on the national scene.

The first George Bush was frequently derided for his “spaghetti syntax,” and his son was a frequent staple of late night comics for such gems as, “Is our children learning?” Dan Quayle’s misspelling of potato–on the blackboard of an elementary school of all places–became the moment most representative of his subliterate vice-presidency, and Sara Palin went on and on in a stream of gibberish.

In 1994, the televangelists Jim and Tammy Faye Bakker, whom Ronald Reagan offered as role models for us all, used the word “persecution” to fend off investigations of their rampant graft. Today, Republicans use it in press conferences to dismiss questions they’d rather not answer. Joan of Arc never had it so good.

Atop this silly cake, Trump’s gaslighting repetition of content-free words was–and still is–frosting both sugar-coated (tremendous, fantastic, the most beautiful, the biggest, the greatest in history, wonderful) and toxic (disgraceful, shameful, horrible, vicious, unAmerican, tough). All of which added to an endless stream of sentence fragments that never found completion.

For over 30 years, we liberals have been pointing to Republican misuse of language as an indicator of distorted policies and proposals, often as an attempt to hide what they really have in mind. How many times have we cited Orwell’s basic premise: Debased language reveals debased thought?

Can anyone who starts making singular names plural continue to do that? As my students liked to say back in the Nineties: Hello???

If this is how it’s to be (how they’s to be?), how loud will the laughter be from Republicans, especially when most, if not all, otherwise liberal English teachers will be laughing along with them?


As the second paragraph of the magazine’s story tells us:

Cusolito’s efforts at Old Rochester Regional are part of a growing movement nationwide. Transgender and nonbinary students are increasingly saying to teachers, peers, and schools: Call us what we want to be called.

Really? Alright then, if you accept that, please send any questions or comments on this blog to me, George Carlin, Jr., President, Pronouns R Us, East Wing, 1600 Pennsylvania Ave., State of Washington, Douglass Commonwealth, 20500.

Be sure to enclose a donation. And leave the amount blank. We’ll fill in the numbers we want.

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You may need a subscription to access this: https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/09/28/magazine/very-scary-thing-tell-someone-why-gender-pronouns-matter-schools/

A Planet Where Facts Don’t Matter

We hear and worry about Covid-19 developing new strains, and wonder if our vaccines are enough to protect against them. Something similar is happening with our news and how we perceive it.

Just as Pfizer and Moderna went full-tilt last year to stop a worldwide health crisis, writers such as George Orwell and Sinclair Lewis devoted themselves to exposing a very different kind of crisis both before and after World War II.

We recall Orwell’s1984 as a political warning, but it would be more useful if we looked past the conflicting ideologies and regarded it as a statement on language. The rules of 1984‘s “Newspeak,” the language of te fictional Oceania, explain much of what America has been hearing these past five years.

And it was never more apparent than in the Republican response to Pres. Biden’s address to congress and the nation last night.

Easily, the most cited tenet of Newspeak–which Orwell simply took from Nazi propagandist Joseph Goebbels–is, if you keep repeating a lie, it becomes true. America–a nation with a creation-myth that starts with a young boy’s declaration, “I cannot tell a lie”–is now, after four years of non-stop lies, a country that cannot tell the truth. That is, we cannot tell what truth is, and so we hesitate to believe our own eyes and ears.

How else to explain that it took 330 days of reliving the trauma of a murder on video seen by millions, all nine-plus minutes of it, to convict the murderer? Some rejoiced that the verdict was “proof the system works.” But that length of time and the unrest it caused suggest that it works about as well as a riding lawnmower would serve to take a family of four cross-country.

Any one of us would have an easy time finding a few falsehoods from any president as far as memory serves. Even Eisenhower wouldn’t come clean about the spy-plane over Russia. Clinton had several doozies that prompted one columnist to dub him, “The Madison Avenue President.” Interesting theory that still holds true: Americans are so saturated in the fantasies and absurdities of television and radio commercials, that we can no longer distinguish fact from fiction. This, by the way, is what a young playwright named Bertolt Brecht said of the rise of the cabaret in Germany in the 1920s, greasing the skids for “theatrical leadership.” Hello Hitler!

But Americans never suffered lies so blatant and sustained as we did from 2017 to the beginning of this year, culminating on Jan. 6–and with residual effects in states with Republican-led legislatures across the country.

The Democrats have addressed this with the Voting Rights Bill, which Biden endorsed with emphasis last night. He could have included a mention of statehood for Washington DC–over 700,000 taxed Americans without representation in Congress–but in a speech which he claimed he wanted to be non-combative, that was left unsaid. Seemed like the right move until Republican Sen. Tim Scott of South Carolina put the “butt” in rebuttal.

Here’s where I imagine Orwell might have perked up and Goebbels would have smiled with admiration: Scott molded his entire speech around a clever catch phrase: “Common Sense, Common Ground.”

Who can disagree with that? Two commonly accepted and approved phrases that we could apply to anything. Which is what he did by repeating the combo more often than a teenager says “like” in an excited conversation, all with an upturned smile and a sing-song lilt. Lewis might have asked, “Can it happen a second time?”

Scott is a true student of the “windmills cause cancer” and “Norway rakes forests” school of public speaking. Everything to which he applied his happy little bromide was a lie: Voting is now easier in Georgia. There is no systemic racism in the USA. Trump stopped the virus. Republicans are for working families… Echoes of “Camp Auschwitz,” as the Trump insurrectionist’s shirt called it, were deafening: “War is Peace, Ignorance is Strength.” As one of the cable-news pundits exclaimed, “What planet is he on?”

Unfortunately, he’s on this one where he has just created a new strain of the “Big Lie” virus. Instead of repeating the lie, he repeats the pablum, pouring it like dark amber maple syrup all over as many lies as his allotted time allowed.

Good news is that we need not wait for Pfizer or Moderna to concoct another vaccine to protect us from sugar-coated delusions about race, economics, or the environment. We need only pay attention, know our sources, and understand that a knee on a neck in Minneapolis is a microcosm of the macrospasm that is America today.

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https://www.newsweek.com/tim-scott-republican-racism-said-comments-republicans-1587341

The headline is from former George W. Bush speechwriter Nicole Wallace, now a host on MSNBC, answering her own question: “What planet is he on?”

Hoaxaholics

So now he’s claiming that the reports of his turning a blind eye to Russian bounties on US soldiers is “a hoax.”

You know. Like Russian interference and his obstruction of investigations described in the Mueller Report no matter what Barr’s whitewash says: “Hoax!”

All the testimony about the phone call with the Ukrainian president that led to impeachment, much of it from decorated, career military officers: “Hoax!”

COVID-19 in early March after he was already briefed otherwise. “Hoax!”

All this time since the campaign–and, if you live in New York City, since the fraud and bankruptcies of his entry into real-estate–we have wondered how anyone can possibly believe, much less support him, and he has been giving us the answer over and again all this time.

In a single word.

Not merely by repeating it, but by creating his own examples as if they are anything but: Windmills cause cancer, Finland rakes forests, Clorox prevents contamination, George Washington captured airports.

And let’s not forget his star turn as a meteorologist last hurricane season.

By this time, any belief in or acceptance of his denials and absurdities reveals a disease. It may not yet be diagnosed, and it may take a while to formulate a 12-step program, but the name should be obvious.

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By Juhele – Openclipart, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=88923327

funny warning signs. Internet hoax and fake news alert

As Vivid as Valid to This Day

When I saw the photo of the Republican president’s prepared remarks before him at one of the first coronavirus briefings, I was immediately transported back to a college freshman writing class 52 years ago.

Before me, before the class, was a man in his mid-to-late-20s, leaning back as he usually did in front of his desk rather than sitting behind it, expounding on George Orwell’s “Politics and the English Language.”

Can’t recall any real fright at the Hong Kong flu pandemic that had the world’s attention in 1968, but Prof. McHale’s point is as vivid as it is valid now as it was then:

Referring to Orwell’s warning against the use of language to demonize foreigners for political gain, McHale asked:  “Why is it always ‘the Asian flu,’ the ‘Taiwan flu,’ the ‘Spanish flu’?  Why isn’t it ever the ‘American flu,’ the ‘Philadelphia flu’?”

All of this came back to me twenty years later–32 years ago–when the elder George Bush’s presidential campaign mockingly attacked Democratic candidate, Mass. Gov. Michael Dukakis, for suggesting that struggling farmers in the Midwest should invest in Belgian endive as a cash crop.

In fact, it was one of nine crops that Dukakis recommended, but the foreign name was something on which Bush could pounce—nor did it hurt that “Belgian” back then was still often followed by “Congo” in the public mind.  No need to say it, just let the insinuation do its work.

Nor did it matter that the Reagan administration in which Bush was VP was itself promoting Belgian endive throughout the campaign year of 1988 by offering grants to farmers on the Delmarva Peninsula to grow it.*  All that was needed was to impress the foreign word on American perception.

And connect it to Dukakis who, incredibly, never mentioned the Reagan Dept. of Agriculture’s grant offerings–as if he was unaware of them.

Just as it came back to me in 1988, that class in 1968 returned full force last month.

Whether or not it occurred to McHale that few if any of us 17- and 18-year-olds knew that “the Spanish flu” ravaged the world just 50 years earlier, or that the City of Philadelphia insisted on holding a parade resulting in a spike of deaths—compared to St. Louis which cancelled a parade and avoided the same—didn’t matter.

What mattered was the choice of words, the bias of geography, the effect of racism without having to acknowledge that race had anything at all to do with it.

And that’s what I saw on the Republican president’s prepared remarks:  The typed word “coronavirus” crossed out with “Chinese” written over it in thick, black Sharpie, likely the same Sharpie that directed a North Atlantic hurricane inland all the way to Alabama.

Jay McHale, who passed away two years ago this month at 77, left his students with many indelible messages, most of which might be summed up as always question authority.

Today, his most urgent, lasting message is to always question authority’s choice of words.

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Photo above is McHale with Allen Ginsberg, Peter Orlovsky, and Gregory Corso during a seminar on Jack Kerouac he organized at Salem State, April 1973. Here’s how he appeared in class:

*Delmarva, the peninsula that juts south of New Jersey between the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic = DELaware, MARyland, VirginiA.